Angiogenesis plays an important role in physiological bone growth and remodeling, as well
as in pathological bone disorders such as fracture repair, osteonecrosis, and tumor
metastasis to bone. Vascularization is required for bone remodeling along the endosteal
surface of trabecular bone or Haversian canals within the cortical bone, as well as the
homeostasis of the cartilage-subchondral bone interface. Angiogenic factors, produced by
cells from a basic multicellular unit (BMU) within the bone remodeling compartment (BRC) …