Spinal mitochondrial-derived peroxynitrite enhances neuroimmune activation during morphine hyperalgesia and antinociceptive tolerance

JW Little, S Cuzzocrea, L Bryant, E Esposito, T Doyle… - PAIN®, 2013 - Elsevier
Treatment of severe pain by morphine, the gold-standard opioid and a potent drug in our
arsenal of analgesic medications, is limited by the eventual development of hyperalgesia
and analgesic tolerance. We recently reported that systemic administration of a peroxynitrite
(PN) decomposition catalyst (PNDC) or superoxide dismutase mimetic attenuates morphine
hyperalgesia and antinociceptive tolerance and reduces PN-mediated mitochondrial
nitroxidative stress in the spinal cord. These results suggest the potential involvement of …