Novel actions of estrogen to promote proliferation: integration of cytoplasmic and nuclear pathways
EM Fox, J Andrade, MA Shupnik - Steroids, 2009 - Elsevier
Both steroids and growth factors stimulate proliferation of steroid-dependent tumor cells, and
interaction between these signaling pathways occurs at several levels. Steroid receptors are
classified as ligand-activated transcription factors, and steps by which they activate target
gene transcription are well understood. Several steroid responses have now been
functionally linked to other intracellular signaling pathways, including c-Src or tyrosine
kinase receptors. Steroids such as 17β-estradiol (E2), via binding to cytoplasmic or …
interaction between these signaling pathways occurs at several levels. Steroid receptors are
classified as ligand-activated transcription factors, and steps by which they activate target
gene transcription are well understood. Several steroid responses have now been
functionally linked to other intracellular signaling pathways, including c-Src or tyrosine
kinase receptors. Steroids such as 17β-estradiol (E2), via binding to cytoplasmic or …